Dravidian style of temple architecture

Introduction:

Dravidian architecture is an architectural epitome in Indian architecture. It emerged from South India reaching its final form by sixteenth century. this architectural style flourished under the Pallavas, Chola and Vijayanagar dynasties making significant contributions to the South Indian culture and religion. Dravidian style temples remain central to the spiritual and cultural heritage of the region today.

Shapes of Dravidian architecture:

In the Dravidian style of architecture, temples have different shapes and sizes, which can be different.

• Kuta or Caturasra: square-shaped

• Shala or Ayatasra: rectangular-shaped

• Gaja-prishta or vrittayata or elephant-backed: elliptical

• Vritta: circular

• Ashtasra: octagonal

Features of Dravidian architecture:

Garbhgriha- The Dravidian temple is typically square or rectangular in plan. The sanctum sanctorum (garbhagriha) is located in the center. The sanctum sanctorum is the most sacred part of the temple and houses the image of deity. the main deity and is often guarded by figures of dwarapalas (door guardians) at its entrance. 

Vimana - The vimana is the tower that rises above the sanctum sanctorum. It is typically pyramidal in shape and is decorated with intricate carvings. The vimana is a symbol of the mountain Meru, which is considered to be the home of the gods in Hindu mythology. The pyramidal tower built over the main sanctum.

Gopuram - The gopuram is the gateway tower that leads into the temple complex. It is typically the tallest structure in the temple. It is decorated with intricate carvings. The gopuram is a symbol of the entrance to the divine realm.

Boundary Wall and Courtyards -

The entire temple complex is usually surrounded by a high boundary wall (prakara). The complex may contain multiple courtyards and concentric enclosures.

The temple complex typically has a large open courtyard. This is used for festivals and other religious activities. The open courtyard is a symbol of the cosmic order. It is a place where people can come together to worship and celebrate.

Water body -The temple complex often has water bodies, such as tanks or ponds. These water bodies are a symbol of purity and are used for ritual bathing.

Intricate Carvings -

A high level of detail is visible throughout the temple, with sculptures and carvings on the gopurams, vimana, pillars, and walls depicting deities, mythical creatures, and scenes from epics. 

The most famous example of Dravidian architecture is the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, the Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu and the Hoysaleswara Temple in Halebidu, Karnataka.